UN Conference Focuses on Rural Women
By Erica Higbie, FAWCO UN Representative in New York
The 56th session of the Commission on the Status of Women (CSW56) was held at the United Nations in New York from Feb 27 to March 9. This year’s forum, organized by UN Women and civil society organizations like FAWCO, was focused on issues faced by rural women. Over 4,000 women and 500 youth delegates from around the world attended 350 sessions with topics which included gender equality, climate change, and violence against women, food security, education, healthcare, and access to resources such as water. The sessions related to water were particularly relevant to FAWCO because Clean Water is the focus of FAWCO’s Target Program fundraising for water pumps in Cambodia.
Many of the attendees were themselves rural women but a number of notable human rights leaders also came to speak, and listen. They included Ban ki Moon, Secretary General of the UN; Mary Robinson, former President of Ireland and UN High Commissioner for Human Rights and Michelle Bachelet, former President of Chile and currently head of UN Women.
Ms Bachelet summed up the conversations during the conference when she said, “...the biggest challenges everywhere are political participation and economic empowerment — and ending violence against women. No country is spared - even in the most advanced countries...” These are some of the troubling facts that were presented at CSW56 which support her comments:
- Women’s political representation stagnated across the globe in the 1990’s.
- Globally on average, women only earn 80 cents to a man’s dollar for the same work.
- 70% of the 1.2 billion people living in extreme poverty are women. 17 million women are living in poverty in the United States.
- Women are responsible for 43% of the world’s agricultural production (70% in Africa) however, they make up less than 20% of the world’s landowners.
- Rural women spend 26% of their time carrying water. 40 billion hours a year are spent collecting water in Africa alone.
- 3.9 million females around the world disappear annually. Two-fifths of them are never born due to a male-child preference in many cultures, more than that die during their reproductive years and the rest during childhood, often from neglect.
- Only one in three rural women receives prenatal care.
- In Ethiopia, 50% of girls are married by the age of 15.
- 46% of women in Kosovo have suffered domestic violence.
- 95% of women prostitutes were sexually violated before they went into prostitution.
- The average age of entry into prostitution in the US is 14-16.
- Globally there are 2 million people taken by traffickers each year, mostly girls. 80% of them will be sexually exploited.
The UN Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW), adopted in 1997, addresses many of these issues and progress has been made on many fronts. Sadly, the United States is one of only 6 countries (together with Sudan, Somalia, Iran, and two small pacific island nations) that have not ratified CEDAW.
But speakers also talked about progress being made with many accounts of incredible people and organizations putting their time, energy and money into improving women’s lives.
The 2011 World Development Report was presented. It highlighted the great strides that have been made in women’s life expectancy and education:
- There has been a 7 fold increase in girls’ university enrollment in the last 20 years.
- Sweden has the lowest rate of trafficking in the EU and has, for the most part, stopped prostitution by making buying (not selling) sex a felony.
- Call-center training for female children in rural India has significantly improved the survival rate of young girls there.
- Cook stoves are another example of innovation making an enormous difference in women’s lives and health in developing countries.
- Hand irrigation pumps are helping women farmers in Africa increase their yields. Some change is big and happens all at once, some is small and only happens at a grassroots level, but it is all helping.
When these CSW women (who after two weeks were all calling each other ‘sister’) look to the future, several key messages stand out.
First, women and girls are the key to sustainable development because in developing countries they are the agricultural producers and natural resource managers.
Second, in an effort to get ahead of some of the issues that burden women today, programs for girls are cropping up everywhere such as Girls Grow (Nike), GirlUp (UN Foundation), Working Group on Girls (formerly part of UNICEF). “The girls’ movement” is now part of UN speak.
Third, civil society NGOs are critical to development because they do the work at the grass roots level. They understand what is really going on and they give a voice to people who would never be heard otherwise. Partnerships between civil society, governments and the private sector are proving to be very successful.
And finally, it is critical to involve men and boys in women’s issues if women are to achieve lasting change.